Land Degradation in Central Asia: drivers, socio-economic impacts and cross-border spillovers

Recognising the growing importance of climate resilience and sustainable land management in Central Asia, this study analysed the socioeconomic dimensions of land degradation and its implications for environmental sustainability, economic development and climate adaptation across the region. Particular attention was given to land degradation hotspots and to the cross-border spillover effects associated with the degradation of shared natural resources.

The work included a comprehensive review of existing literature, reports and datasets to assess the status, trends and drivers of land degradation, including both human-induced and climate-related factors. The study examined environmental impacts such as biodiversity loss, ecosystem service degradation, reduced water retention capacity and implications for water availability, as well as socioeconomic consequences affecting agricultural production, incomes, poverty and local vulnerability.

The analysis also explored the effects of land degradation on carbon storage potential and transboundary challenges linked to water resources and the water-energy nexus. Based on the findings, the study developed policy recommendations and identified sustainable land restoration and management measures, including assessments of their costs, benefits and contribution to climate adaptation and resilience in Central Asia.